God the Son

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God the Son (Greek: ???? ? ????) is the second person, of the Trinity in Christian theology. The doctrine of the Trinity identifies Jesus as the metaphysical embodiment of God the Son, united in essence (consubstantial) but distinct in person with regard to God the Father and God the Holy Spirit (the first and third persons of the Trinity).

In these teachings, God the Son pre-existed before incarnation, is co-eternal with God the Father (and the Holy Spirit), both before Creation and after the End (see Eschatology). Son of God for some draws attention to his humanity, whereas God the Son refers more generally to his divinity, including his pre-incarnate existence.

Video God the Son

Source of the term

The term "God the Son" is not found in the Bible, but is a term found in later Christian sources. By scribal error the term is in one medieval manuscript, MS No.1985, where Galatians 2:20 has "Son of God" changed to "God the Son".

The term in English follows Latin usage as found in the Athanasian Creed and other texts of the early church:

• In Greek "God the Son" is Theos o Iios, ???? ? ???? (as distinct from o Iios nominative tu Theu genitive, ? ???? ??? ????, "Son of God").
• In Latin "God the Son" is Deus (nominative) Filius (nominative). The term "deus filius" is found in the Athanasian Creed: "Et tamen non tres omnipotentes, sed unus omnipotens. Ita Deus Pater, Deus Filius, Deus [et] Spiritus Sanctus." (distinct from filius Dei genitive "son of God"), but this phrase is also translated "So the Father is God: the Son is God: and the Holy Ghost is God".

The distinction holds true in other modern languages apart from English, for example:

• In Hebrew "God the Son" (Elohim ha-Ben ?????? ???) is used in modern Israeli Christian literature in relation to the "Holy Trinity" (ha-shilush ha-kadosh ?????? ?????). As distinct from the term "son of God" (ben Elohim ?? ??????) as found in the Hebrew New Testament.

Maps God the Son

Use of the term

The term "deus filius" is used in the Athanasian Creed and formulas such as Deus Pater, Deus Filius, Deus Spiritus Sanctus: Et non tres Dii, sed unus est Deus.

The term is used by Saint Augustine in his On the Trinity, for example in discussion of the Son's obedience to God the Father: deo patri deus filius obediens.

Jacques Forget (1910) in the Catholic Encyclopedia article "Holy Ghost" notes that "Among the apologists, Athenagoras mentions the Holy Ghost along with, and on the same plane as, the Father and the Son. 'Who would not be astonished', says he (A Plea for the Christians 10), 'to hear us called atheists, us who confess God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Ghost, and hold them one in power and distinct in order.' " Saint Augustine in Sermon 90 on the New Testament says, "2. For hold this fast as a firm and settled truth, if you would continue Catholics, that God the Father begot God the Son without time, and made Him of a Virgin in time."

The Augsburg Confession (1530) adopted the phrase as Gott der Sohn.

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New Testament

A manuscript variant in John 1:18 (???? ?????? ??????? ??????· ????????? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????, ??????? ?????????) has led to translations including "God the One and Only" (NIV, 1984) referring to the Son.

But the term "Son of God" is used to refer to Jesus in the first gospel of Mark at the beginning in verse 1:1 and at its end in chapter 15 verse 39. Max Botner wrote, "Indeed, if Mark 1:1 presents the "normative understanding" of Jesus' identity, then it makes a significant difference what the text includes".

Later theological use of this expression (compare Latin: Deus Filius) reflects what came to be the standard interpretation of New Testament references, understood to imply Jesus' Divinity, but with the distinction of his person from another Person of the Trinity called the Father. As such, the title is associated more with the development of the doctrine of the Trinity. Trinitarians believe that a clear reference to the Trinity occurs in Matthew 28:19, "Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit." John the Evangelist is understood to identify Jesus with the pre-existent Logos or Word, "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."^{[John 1:1]}, and as the second person of the Trinity, "For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one." [1 John 5:7]

Christian belief affirms that Jesus is the only begotten Son of God. [John 3:16] Jesus identified Himself in New Testament canonical writings. "Jesus said to them, 'Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM.' " [John 8:58], which some Trinitarians believe is a reference to Moses in his interaction with preincarnate God in the Old Testament.  "And God said to Moses, 'I AM WHO I AM.' And He said, 'Thus you shall say to the children of Israel, "I AM has sent me to you." ' [Exodus 3:14]

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See also

• God in Christianity
• Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
• Pre-existence of Christ
• Son of God
• Sons of God

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References

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External links

• Catholic Encyclopedia: The Blessed Trinity
• The Jewish Encyclopedia: Son of God--by Kaufmann Kohler, Emil G. Hirsch
• Jesus' Divinity--by christians.eu

Source of the article : Wikipedia